Two rows of neatly trimmed hedges run alongside a gray cobblestone path leading towards the entrance. Beyond a pair of wrought iron gates lay scores […]
Remembrance at the execution site of a retired soldier, Michał Gaca
The Germans took the retired Polish army officer and led him away from his house. He met his death at the edge of the village. […]
A Polish refugee learns the ‘GI Salute’ in 1950
Stanley Kozak, born Stanisław, was my great-uncle. As a teenager he was abducted by the Nazis during the Second World War, and he ultimately settled in Chicago as a war refugee. He was then called upon to serve his adopted country in 1950.
Nazi espionage in pre-war Poland: an act of terror
Found in the photo albums of several German soldiers are snapshots of the damaged Tarnów train station in Poland. They show a section of the […]
Compensation for his forced labor
My mother tells me that her father and I would have gotten along very well. Józef Kozak was a talented story teller who could spin […]